USCIS EB-5 Policy Memorandum Draft Updated

In advance of today’s conversation with Director Mayorkas, the USCIS released the revised draft of the EB-5 policy memorandum, as well as a red-line version of the original memo, released last November, containing proposed changes to the program. As one of the 25 participants in today’s conversation at USCIS headquarters, I will be updating our readers this evening on the ongoing dialog between the government and stakeholders in the EB-5 program.

GT expects that in 2012 the government will continue to increase scrutiny of the program itself, as well as of Regional Centers and individual projects. With the program growing exponentially in 2011 and the press beginning to take a look under the rocks, ensuring compliance will be more critical than ever. Whether you are a developer, project seeking funding, regional center principle or foreign investor, it is crucial that you understand the obligations, implications and responsibilities of all parties involved in this type of foreign investment.

New Webinar Series on Workplace Discrimination

On November 29, the Department of Justice (DOJ) announced the launch of a live webinar series on the topic of workplace discrimination. The webinars’ debut coincided with the 25th anniversary of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), which created the Office of Special Counsel for Immigration-Related Unfair Employment Practices (OSC). The OSC is tasked with enforcing the anti-discrimination provision of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), which prohibits citizenship status and national origin discrimination in the hiring, firing, recruitment, or referral of authorized employees, as well as unfair documentary practices during the Form I-9 and E-Verify processes and retaliation against employees who engage in IRCA or Title VII protected conduct.

The webinars are free and open to the general public. The first webinar, held on December 6, 2011, discussed the protections available to workers and their advocates. A second webinar, scheduled for 3:00 PM EST on December 15, 2011, will advise employers and human resources professionals on avoiding workplace discrimination.

OSC is hosting the webinar series through InstantPresenter.com and will also post short educational videos on Vimeo.com. To participate in a webinar, online registration at www.justice.gov/crt/about/osc/webinars.php is required. To participate as a large or specialized group, please contact OSC’s Public Affairs Specialist, Terry Scott, at Terence.j.scott@usdoj.gov. For accommodation requests, please contact Lyn Sowdon at Lyn.Sowdon@usdoj.gov with your contact information and a description of the type of accommodation requested.

EB-5 Breaking News: USCIS Issues Draft EB-5 Policy Memorandum

 By: Dawn Lurie and Kate Kalmykov

USCIS Director Alejandro Mayorkas invites stakeholders to review and comment on a draft policy memorandum (EB-5 AdjudicationsPolicy.pdf) on the EB-5 program. Greenberg Traurig, LLP will be submitting comments on behalf of our Regional Center clients and individual investors. GT attorneys attended the Director's teleconference and will be forwarding an Alert assessing the proposed guidance shortly. This memorandum is proof of Director Mayorkas' intensive focus to improve the EB-5 program is bearing fruit. Accordingly with improvements to the program we can expect more scrutiny and compliance monitoring on both the immigration and corporate securities side. Director Mayorkas stated that it is critical that the program ensures integrity and mentioned that any improprieties were already being referred to the Department of Justice and the Securities and Exchange commission.

It is more critical than ever for Regional Centers to ensure broad compliance and establish procedures for vetting proposed investment projects in light of current federal regulations and changing USCIS guidance. It seems to us that many Regional Centers do not understand the importance of correctly preparing a securities offering and structuring EB-5 investment projects. As the program expands we can undoubtedly expect increased scrutiny not just from USCIS but from the SEC as well. Likewise, in our representation of regional centers other common areas where even the most experienced find themselves stumbiling include job-creation or job-preservation projections, TEA designation, investor exit strategy, investment return and reinvestment issues. The proposed memoranda touches on many of these issues and those active in the EB-5 arena should be prepared for changes.

 

The Government Gets Back in the Ring...Employers Around the Country Report a New Round of ICE Audits

The calls from clients who received visits from Department of Homeland Security’s Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents started to trickle in last Thursday afternoon. Although nothing has been announced, we have reason to believe that ICE is conducting a new round of audits. While numbers have not been confirmed, we estimate that at least 500 employers nationwide will be receiving Notices of Inspection (NOIs). We understand that the NOIs were issued based on robust “tips and leads” and many of the inspections could lead to criminal indictments.

NOIs will include requests for hiring, payroll and other records to determine compliance with employment eligibility verification laws. Employers will be expected to produce original I-9s within three days from service of the NOI. These audits were driven by ICE headquarters and it’s unlikely that requests for extensions of time will be granted for the I-9 production; however, payroll records, copies of immigration filings, copies of Social Security Administration communications requesting corrections, information on independent contractors, and related information generally can be submitted later than the three day time period. Our February 2011 and June 2011 GT Alerts discuss what employers should do if they receive a NOI from ICE.

If your company was not selected by ICE, consider yourself lucky; be smart, be proactive and consider the following:

  • Review your I-9 related compliance
  • Conduct internal audits and act on the results
  • Do not ignore Social Security and non-traditional no-match notifications and potential identity theft issues
  • Provide ongoing training to those individuals completing Form I-9s
  • Consider E-Verify and other best practices
  • Adopt a basic compliance plan

This administration continues to make it clear that the days when immigration compliance could be ignored and considered the “cost of doing business” are long gone. Administrative audits, which can lead to criminal charges against the company and its officers and directors continue to be the tool of choice of ICE, and employers can expect these surges several times a year.

As ICE ramps up its auditor’s capabilities we can expect the inspections to become more sophisticated. With the USCIS transformation team likely moving towards integration of the Form I-9 and E-Verify, the increased use of electronic I-9s, additional monitoring of the E-Verify system and a better trained and focused core of ICE agents, employers absolutely must consider the importance of proactive compliance planning and training. A large of part of this process should include practices to detect identity theft and fraud issues. Although enforcement mechanisms may change, one thing is for certain: the focus on audits and other worksite enforcement actions will continue.

USCIS Redesigns Employment Authorization Document - I-9 Effect

On October 25, Director of United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) Alejandro Mayorkas announced the release of a redesigned Employment Authorization Document (EAD or Form I-766) and a redesigned N-560 Certificate of Citizenship. The new documents will be issued on an ongoing basis beginning, respectively, on October 25 and October 30. Our recent GT Alert discusses what employers and human resources professionals charged with completing the I-9 process for new hires, rehires and re-verification for existing employees need to know.

California Law Prohibits State from Requiring Employers to Use E-Verify

Perhaps in effort to reign in the rapidly growing number of individualized city and local E-Verify laws and simultaneously stimulate the California economy, Governor Jerry Brown signed the “Employment Acceleration Act of 2011” (AB 1236) which will take effect on January 1, 2012. This bill prohibits the state from requiring employers to use E-Verify. In a nutshell, the new law prohibits the state, cities or counties from requiring employers to use E-Verify, an electronic employment verification system that uses employees’ Social Security numbers to determine work eligibility. The bill makes certain exceptions for city or county workers, and also takes into account that E-Verify is a requirement for particular employers under federal or as a condition for employers receiving federal funds.

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Just When You Were Ready for Summer, ICE Sends a Chill Through the Nation

It was noticeably cooler in Washington this week as House Republicans sent a chill out to U.S. employers with Congressman Lamar Smith (R-TX) introducing an immigration enforcement measure that would make mandatory the currently voluntary E-Verify system, thus requiring immigration status checks for all new workers. But perhaps the biggest chill of the day comes from Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s (ICE) newest worksite enforcement action, which has us expecting over 1,000 Notices of Inspection (NOI) to be served on companies throughout the U.S. starting today - June 15, 2011.

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The Ninth Circuit and Arizona's S.B. 1070

arizonasign.pngFrom Mahsa Aliaskari in GT's Los Angeles office

With a statewide E-verify mandate in 2008, Arizona pioneered state-led immigration enforcement measures, and since then a number of states have adopted similar measures. Arizona, meanwhile, continues with its efforts to address immigration and the undocumented population working and residing in the state at a time when the federal government is failing to act.

Our recent GT Alert discusses the latest development in this battle, when, on April 11, the state was unsuccessful in challenging a U.S. District Court injunction blocking key provisions of the controversial Arizona law, known as S.B. 1070, in a case brought by the Department of Justice (DOJ). Siding with the Obama administration, a three-judge panel of the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the lower court’s ruling enforcing the injunction (United States v. Arizona, 9th Cir., No. 10-16645,4/11/11). S.B. 1070 took effect on July 29, 2010. However, one day before that, on July 28, the district court granted a preliminary injunction, blocking certain provisions of the law from going into effect.

Social Security Administration Resumes Sending 'No-Match' Letters

From Kevin Lashus in GT's Austin office

The Social Security Commissioner announced that as of April 6, 2011, the Administration would resume sending employer decentralized correspondence — "no-match" letters advising employers that their workers have reported a number that does not coincide with an account at the agency (See SSA Notification 1 and SSA Notification 2).

Interestingly, this announcement was posted two days before a scheduled hearing before the House Social Security Subcommittee (Sam Johnson, Chair) on the Administration’s Role in Verifying Employment Eligibility. As identified in the hearing announcement, one of the purposes of the meeting is to review proposals to expand employment verification, including enhancing the Social Security card with tamper-proof, counterfeit-resistant or biometric features and increasing enforcement through the sharing of taxpayer wage information.

Now, our friends at the Administration have never wanted to be in the enforcement business. They consider themselves America’s bankers — owing tax-payers a fiduciary duty to protect the supplemental retirement income it has collected on their behalf during the course of their life. But, it appears the Commissioner has been forced to reconsider whether the SSA should have a role in verification enforcement.

Remember that back in August 2007, DHS proposed regulations that shifted the burden to employers who received these SSA mismatch letters to establish that upon due diligence, they endeavored to rectify the mismatch with the employee’s assistance. In light of the federal litigation surrounding those regulations, the trial court enjoined the SSA from issuing notifications to employers. In July 2009, Secretary Napolitano announced that the proposed regulation was being rescinded, but there was no mention of how the SSA would return to status quo after the withdrawal of the proposed law.

In reaction to the failed litigation, the new version of the employer letter omits any mention of Immigration and Customs Enforcement — including what had been a clause that an employer’s failure to act upon receipt of the SSA notification may be construed as constructive knowledge of a verification violation — and instead returns to a more “banker” approach. SSA now simply notes that — notwithstanding the fact that SSA may provide information on the mismatch resolution to IRS or DOJ (note DHS is excluded) — failure to ameliorate the mismatch prevents the agency from crediting the employee with the correct wage.

In light of the uncertainty, we know one thing for sure: employers must have a standard operating procedure to address the receipt of these notifications. It is best to be proactive: document efforts to assist the employee AND determine what contingencies the employer may consider during the resolution process.

ICE will definitely request these SSA letters during any worksite investigation. Employers must be prepared to not only produce the letters, but also produce any evidence they have that identifies that they attempted to resolve mismatch. So, just another task to add to the list of additional responsibilities: verification police, document expert, part-time bureaucrat...

E-Verify Site Visits Expected Soon

Get ready for a new guest at the dinnertable. Although not formally announced (and not confirmed by the DHS) we understand the Monitoring and Compliance (M&C) branch of E-Verify plans to expand its "outreach" activities.

During the past year M&C sent letters to employers in instances where E-Verify believed there were misuses relating to the system or where they just wanted to help" employers improve compliance. For example, companies that had habitual E-Verify queries completed outside of the 3-day window may have received a friendly note from USCIS. Clearly, M&C wants to be invited to this dinner party. Now the question is, should there be a seat at the table for them? M&C is charged with monitoring non-compliant behaviors including:

  1. Fraudulent use of alien number and social security number by E-Verify users;
  2. Verification of existing employees (as opposed to new hires);
  3. Verification of job applicants, rather than new employees;
  4. Selectively using E-Verify for verifications based on foreign appearance, race/ethnicity, or citizenship status;
  5. Failure to use E-Verify, consistently or at all, once registered; and
  6. Unauthorized use of E-Verify information.

The point is site-visits may assist M&C in determining whether businesses are compliant. So, work with me here, M&C shows up at your door to conduct a site visit, and let's just pretend you are a very-very-very bad company (like one of those egregious employers we hear ICE talk about). What happens? Who punishes you? Are you sent upstairs without dessert? Are you told not to come back to the table until you can behave?

Seriously, is your E-Verify MOU revoked thereby exposing you to other misfortunes? Federal contractors that cannot participate in E-Verify cannot work under certain federal contracts without a waiver. Loss of E-Verify will also be problematic for companies in certain states. This is truly serious business. But that's not all I worry about. As a result of the site visit, could M&C invite other unwanted guests to your party, such as ICE and the Office of Special Counsel?

At this time we are unsure whether advance notice will be provided to companies prior to a site visit and whether counsel may be present during the meeting. Anything's possible, don't be late, dinner is served promptly at 7pm. Call me for your compliance planning including E-Verify review and how to handle an M&C visit, as well as any other type of fraud detection visit from DHS.